ISSN: 1391 - 0531
Sunday June 08, 2008
Vol. 42 - No 54
Funday Times - Our Heritage funday times logo

A single party Cabinet is formed

The month of June in the year 1959, saw a new Cabinet being formed consisting of members of a single party. In April 1956, after a landslide victory defeating the ruling United National Party (UNP) government, S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike as leader of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP) became the Prime Minister. At the general election he had led a coalition formed by his own Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party (VLSSP) led by Philip Gunawardena, one time stalwart of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). A no-contest pact with the LSSP and the Communist Party (CP) also helped in the victory of the MEP.

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
Philip Gunawardena

Two members of the Bandaranaike Cabinet were from the VLSSP. Its leader Philip Gunawardena became the Minister of Agriculture & Food and P. H. William de Silva was made the Minister of Industries & Fisheries. Others in the 15-member Cabinet were members of the SLFP.

As Minister of Agriculture & Food, Philip Gunawardena showed great capacity for hard work and initiative. He introduced a revolutionary piece of legislation in the form of the Paddy Lands Act which guaranteed the rights of the tenant ('ande') farmer.

He also reformed the co-operative movement diversifying its range of activities and democratizing its structure. The formation of multi-purpose cooperatives was his brainchild.

He was also instrumental in promoting the People's Bank to widen the banking habit among rural folk particularly the agricultural community. The Minister of Industries & Fisheries P. H. William de Silva initiated a policy of state involvement in the industrial sector and promoted the setting up of state corporations.

The progressive steps taken by these ministers were hampered by the constant bickering of their SLFP colleagues in the Cabinet who formed the rightwing in the government. Finally when Prime Minister Bandaranaike decided to reshuffle the Cabinet, Philip Gunawardena and William de Silva quit the government in disgust on May 18, 1959 and sat in the opposition. Along with them, three Members of Parliament resigned.

They were followed by six SLFP MPs. Prime Minister Bandaranaike formed a new Cabinet consisting of 16 ministers on June 9, 1959. They were all members of the SLFP. This saw the end of the MEP coalition and Philip Gunawardena decided to adopt the name Mahajana Eksath Peramuna in place of VLSSP. (MEP continues with his son, Dinesh Gunawardena as leader).

Two days after the new Cabinet was formed, the Minister of Justice, Senator M. W. H. de Silva resigned. With a reduced majority in Parliament following the cross-over of eleven government members to the opposition, the Prime Minister found it increasingly difficult to continue. Meanwhile, the intrigues by the rightwing group resulted in the Prime Minister being assassinated just a little over three months after the formation of the new Cabinet.

 
Remembering the great newspaperman
Don Richard Wijewardene

June 13 is D. R. Wijewardene Day – the day Sri Lanka's newspaper magnate passed away 58 years ago. The first Sri Lankan to create a prosperous newspaper business, Don Richard Wijewardene played a significant role in the country's struggle for political freedom. When he launched the 'Daily News' in 1918, the country was a Crown Colony in the British Empire. When he died 32 years later, she had become an independent nation.

After graduating from Cambridge University and being called to the Bar of the Inner Temple in London, he returned to his mother country in 1912 and embarked on a legal career. Looking for something more challenging, he bought a bankrupt newspaper and gradually established a group of journals, in English, Sinhalese and Tamil which were among the best in their kind.

His biographer, renowned journalist H. A. J. Hulugalle says in 'The Life and Times of D. R. Wijewardene': "By any reckoning Wijewardene was among the leading newspaper proprietors in the Commonwealth, yet his name was not known outside a small circle of newspaper men. The public knew next to nothing of the Press magnate.

His photograph did not appear in his own newspapers or in other journals. He was a man of few words and unassuming ways. Yet his influence on the events of his time in Ceylon was greater than that of most politicians. He was a type of man new to Ceylon or, for that matter, to Asia: a rich man's son who, after an English education, starts a newspaper, not as the mouth-piece of any political party but primarily as a medium of information and vehicle of progressive views."

 
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