Drifting away from peace?
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The Tiger guerrilla leadership in the Wanni has sent some of
their senior leaders to the East to strengthen their military
machine, particularly in the districts of Batticaloa and Ampara.
This picture by cameraman Sinniah Gurunathan shows two of them,
"Col." Sornam, (left) who now functions as LTTE "overall
commander" for Trincomalee and Batticaloa together with
" Col. Banu," (right) the man in charge of artillery
and mortars for the LTTE. Whilst both wear holsters carrying
pistols, a guerrilla carrying a Russian-built Kalashnikov assault
rifle escorts them around. The occasion was the opening of Thileepan
Memorial Medical Centre of the LTTE at the Pattalipuram village
near Mutur in Trincomalee district. Thileepan died in a fast-unto-death
demanding the withdrawal of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
who were in Sri Lanka for nearly three years from July, 1987. |
Major
aid donors for Sri Lanka's reconstruction and development delivered
verdict after their summit in Brussels last Tuesday. The United
States, the European Union, Japan and Norway "urged in the
strongest possible terms a rapid resumption of the peace negotiations
so that Sri Lanka can benefit from the generosity of the international
community." With so many other demands on donors, the record
pledge of US dollars 4.5 billion (or around Rs 441 billion), may
otherwise go elsewhere, they warned.
Reminding
that the peace process and the development process are interlinked,
a statement from the European Commission Directorate General for
External Resources said "there should be no drift and no delay."
The
donor Co-chairs also offered a way out of the present imbroglio
between the UPFA Government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
(LTTE). If they want the aid soon, "until effective administrative
structures are in place in the North and East, the Co-Chairs encouraged
the parties to agree on the establishment of effective delivery
mechanisms for donor financed development activities in the North
and East."
The
LTTE is insisting that the "institutionalizing" of its
proposal for an Interim Self Governing Authority (ISGA) should take
place before talks on core issues could commence. The UPFA Government
is emphatic any agreed interim authority should bear the contours
of a final solution.
The
Sunday Times is today able to reveal briefly the factual position
with regard to the current status of the peace process. The Norwegian
facilitators gave the government and the LTTE a four point proposal.
This was after consultations with both sides. The four points are:
1.
The Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL) and the LTTE agree to resume
direct negotiations in Oslo, Norway and the date for the commencement
of talks will be announced later as determined by the parties.
2.
The agenda for the peace talks will include all matters relating
to the implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement and the establishment
of an Interim Authority (Interim Self Gover-ning Authority).
3.
Once an agreement is reached on the Interim Authority and when it
becomes operational, negotiations will continue on all aspects pertaining
to a lasting solution to the ethnic conflict.
4.
Subsequent sessions of negotiations will take place outside Sri
Lanka at a venue to be determined by the parties at the Oslo session.
The UPFA Government responded to this four point proposal, with
one of their own. This is what it said:
"Any
agreed Interim Authority will bear the contours of a final solution
to the ethnic conflict taking into account the Oslo statement and
the Tokyo declaration."
The
relevant provisions of the Oslo statement and the Tokyo Declaration
appeared in these columns last week. The task now falls on the Norwegian
facilitators to narrow down the seemingly irreconcilable positions
of the two sides. They will have to persuade them to accept an alternative
"delivery mechanism" until "effective administrative
structures are in place." That indeed is a daunting task. Shuttle
diplomacy by Norway to find ways and means of persuading the two
sides to heed the advice of the donor Co-chairs will not be possible
until after July 10 Provincial Council elections.
If
that in itself is a delay about which the donor Co-chairs have warned,
an apparent drift also appears to have set in. Both the UPFA Government
and the Tiger guerrillas, who have piously pledged to uphold the
shaky Ceasefire Agreement, are otherwise busy.
First
to the UPFA. They have revived efforts to reach finality on the
proposed much publicised Defence Co-operation Agreement (DCA) with
India. It is with the newly elected United Progressive Alliance
(UPA) of Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh. The draft DCA formulated
at the instance of President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga
had been sent to New Delhi. A response had arrived in Colombo with
a few changes even before the Congress Party led Government was
voted to power last month.
Last
week, the issue was pursued at the highest levels in New Delhi by
Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar. Now an official delegation
is due in Colombo to conduct followup discussions. The DCA will
encompass a variety of defence related issues and will, among others,
incorporate matters relating to training, exchange of intelligence
and military supplies. This news has already caused serious concern
among the leadership of the LTTE in Kilinochchi.
It
was former United National Front (UNF) Government cabinet minister,
Milinda Moragoda, who was the architect of a Defence Co-operation
Agreement with India. Following his initiatives, a formal agreement
to finalise a DCA was reached when then Prime Minister, Ranil Wickremasinghe
held talks in New Delhi with former Prime Minister, Atal Behari
Vajpayee in October last year.
But
the matter was not pursued any further. A senior official then in
the Prime Minister's Office, who has been most helpful to the Tiger
guerrillas on many matters including the obtaining of radio broadcasting
equipment, directed his counterpart in the Ministry of Defence not
to pursue matters relating to the DCA. This was after strong protests
were raised by the LTTE. They perceived the DCA as a serious threat.
However, soon after President Kumaratunga took over the defence
portfolio, the matter was pursued by Mr Kadirgamar, who was then
senior international affairs advisor to her.
Later,
a three member delegation led by Defence Secretary Cyril Herath
and comprising Army Commander Lt. Gen. Lionel Balagalle and Nigel
Hatch, (a legal advisor to the President) visited New Delhi for
talks. Following consultations with President Kumaratunga thereafter,
a draft DCA was formulated and sent for study to New Delhi. That
is how a formal document has now emerged.
Besides
India, the UPFA is also moving towards Kampuchea. This week-end,
Defence Secretary, Herath flies to Phnom Penh, the country's capital.
He is to sign a Sri Lanka-Kampuchea Intelligence Co-operation Agreement
with his counterpart in that country's Government. Kampuchea has
remained one of the main sources for military procurements for the
LTTE.
It
is widely known that the elusive Kumaran Pathmanathan or KP who
headed the LTTE's Procurement Division (also known as KP Department)
operated an office in the Kampuchean capital. There have been periodic
reports of continued LTTE procurements from that country. Besides
small arms, quantities of anti aircraft weapons and artillery have
been recently procured from there.
It
was only in October, last year; The Sunday Times bared the existence
of highly secretive operations of the KP Department in Kampuchea.
A western intelligence agency alerted the previous UNF Government
of how Kampuchean authorities arrested and deported Kaushalyan Sivalingam
alias David, said to be a key player in the KP Department in Phnom
Penh.
The
man known by his nom de guerre David was operating under cover of
a computer firm. He was allegedly involved in effecting millions
of dollars in bank transfers and procuring sophisticated weapons
and communication equipment. They found their way to LTTE bases
in eastern Sri Lanka. He is also said to have run a farm there.
The
previous government asked the Kampuchean authorities to detain David
indefinitely, as the suspect is well known, until fuller investigations
were conducted in that country. To support its request, recent UN
convention against terrorism organizations (Security Council Resolution
1373) was cited.
But
the Kampuchean Foreign Ministry had initially agreed to act on the
request. But in a surprise move, news arrived that the man was being
deported. They argued there were no laws to keep him indefinitely.
David arrived in Colombo but the UNF Government turned a blind eye.
Intelligence officials trailed him to a meeting with his girl friend
at a City hotel and later found the man had made his way into the
Wanni.
It
later came to light that another person had also been deported from
Kampuchea together with David. Described as an accomplice, the man
arrived together with David in Bangkok. But he boarded an India
bound flight. Though a Sri Lankan national, it came to light that
he had used an Indian passport, improperly documented, to undertake
the journey. The Kampuchean authorities had believed the accomplice
was an Indian national.
If
foreign assistance is being sought in a bid to shore up any threats
to national security, paradoxical enough, it is a different story
locally. Efforts are being intensified to export troops from the
Army for peace keeping operations in foreign countries, the latest
foreign exchange earner for the country. Has a decision on this
matter been taken after all aspects have been properly appreciated?
Military
Spokesman Col. Sumedha Perera's tardy propaganda machine has been
doing over time to promote the idea of exporting soldiers. This
week a senior Army officer boasted their latest recruitment drive
has been a success - a claim that is supposed to make political
leaders and Sri Lankans alike believe there is no harm in sending
troops abroad because more can be enlisted. If all previous recruitment
drives have not met with the required levels, if desertions continue,
how come that only the current effort has proved successful? Surely
no one could imagine that Sri Lankans would be thought to be that
gullible.
The
fact that there is no war does not mean permanent peace had arrived.
This reality has been very clearly demonstrated time and again by
the Tiger guerrillas. It was only this week that a Naval craft with
Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission (SLMM) members on board was fired at
some 1200 metres off the shores of Sampur, south of Trincomalee.
The SLMM raised issue with the Tiger guerrillas. Their reply came
in no time - there was a training camp for their cadres in Sampur.
Live firing exercises had been going on. The fire directed at the
Naval craft was accidental, it was pointed out.
That
incident not only showed that the LTTE was fine tuning its military
machine whilst engaging themselves in the peace process. The area
where the training was going on was held by the Army until 1998.
Troops were told to withdraw from there because numbers were inadequate
to execute the former People's Alliance Government's ambitious "Operation
Jaya Sikurui" (or Victory Assured).
The
question that begs answer is how the UPFA Government will meet future
security threats if adequate strength is not available. Lack of
sufficient strength has often been a complaint of many a field commander.
An Army that stood at some 6,000 troops and 600 officers before
the onset of the separatist war in 1983, has now risen to over a
100,000 in approved strength. There of course is a shortfall due
to desertions. But those new recruits have all been enlisted and
trained at the expense of the tax payer who had to pay defence levy
and other taxes. They have also been equipped from those moneys.
But
to use the soldiers to earn foreign exchange is clearly a move that
has not been studied carefully. Whoever gave the nod to such an
exercise will no doubt become solely answerable to the nation when
there is a crisis. No amount of defence and intelligence co-operation
agreements will be of help for no foreign troops will fly into Colombo
in an emergency. Or will they? An influential section in the Army
itself believe that the export of soldiers is being done at the
behest of a western super power whose occupation of foreign lands
have brought them ignominy and humiliation besides death to their
own troops. A senior officer said "they are looking for peace
keepers to fill the vacuum when they pull out."
Now
to the LTTE. Norwegian Special Envoy, Erik Solheim, who was in Colombo
last month, had a meeting with Chief Negotiator, Anton Balasingham
in London. That was en route to Brussels where he was to brief the
donor co-Chairs.
The
Sunday Times learnt Mr. Balasingham complained to Mr Solheim that
the UPFA Government was trying to tilt the military balance in the
east and was thus violating the Ceasefire Agreement. By this, he
was accusing the Army of supporting the Karuna faction that is said
to be carrying out attacks on guerrilla cadres and civilians who
are supporting the LTTE. The Army, however, has strongly denied
the charge. This week Defence Secretary Mr. Herath wrote to the
SLMM dismissing the allegations.
But
the LTTE is worried. The attacks are preventing them from re-establishing
full control in the Batticaloa district where their strength had
dwindled to a mere 1,000 to 1,500 cadres. Besides political factors,
this is another reason why the LTTE is insisting that the proposed
Interim Self Governing Authority (ISGA) be established and made
operational before core issues could be discussed. The setting up
of an ISGA will give the LTTE the much needed licence to quickly
regain control of the East, particularly the Batticaloa - Ampara
districts.
The
defence establishment is still in disarray since President Kumaratunga
took over the subject in November, last year. It has not been able
to appreciate the utmost importance of the Batticaloa-Ampara districts
to the LTTE. There are many reasons for it. Among them:
Without these two districts, the claim of a separate Tamil homeland
of Eelam would become futile.
That
would deny to the LTTE the claim that they are the sole representatives
of the Tamil people and weaken their claim for ISGA.
The East, particularly these two districts, have always been the
major recruitment source for the LTTE. It is the cadres from these
two districts that engaged themselves in many successful operations
against the security forces in the past.
It would deny the LTTE"s claim for a merged North and East.
It would deny much needed finances to the LTTE. The East has remained
a large source of revenue.
Continued attacks on cadres loyal to Wanni in the two districts
would cause difficulties to the LTTE leadership in preventing
desertions.
It would give Sri Lankan security forces an advantage both in
recruiting strength and creating a vast intelligence base.
In the event of an outbreak of war, the LTTE will find it difficult
to open two fronts, one in the North and another in the East.
Continued weakening of its role in the two districts would blunt
the LTTE military machine including the capability of Sea Tigers
in the Eastern coastal waters.
It would gradually erode the civilian support base and allow their
sympathies to be won over by the Government in Colombo and the
Security Forces.
Whilst
the Government has allowed the Army to be pre occupied solely with
finding placements for its soldiers on peace keeping missions abroad,
the LTTE is busy on the battlefront. Whilst pressing for establishing
the ISGA, they have now embarked on new plans to consolidate their
military machine in the East.
The
Sunday Times has learnt that additional cadres are being moved to
the south of the Trincomalee district to form a tight security cordon.
This is to prevent possible attacks which the guerrillas fear from
Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRPs). Simultaneously groups
are also being moved into the Batticaloa district to re-establish
control and to crack down on members of the Karuna group. The LTTE
leadership in Wanni has sent their Intelligence Wing leader, Pottu
Amman and other senior cadres to the East for this purpose. Others
include "Col. Sornam," now "overall forces commander"
for Trincomalee-Batticaloa districts and "Col. Banu,"
head of the Artillery and Mortar Wing. In the Colombo City and suburbs
the presence of intelligence cadres and pistol gangs has increased.
It
is in this backdrop that the LTTE is increasingly incensed over
the recent spate of incidents. In a statement issued following the
cold blooded murder of journalist Aiyathurai Nadesan, on which the
UPFA Government continues to maintain complete silence, the LTTE
issued an official statement.
Whether
it is rhetoric or not remains to be seen. But some paragraphs do
raise concerns. The statement says: "Killing of intellectuals,
journalists and friends of Tamil people is abominable. Even during
this time of peace, anti-peace forces are engaged in barbaric activities.
These actions are bound to lead the people of this island to a period
of calamity and destruction. Sri Lanka security forces and the militants
who are assisting them must realise the consequences……."
It
is still not too late to take a lesson from the LTTE. Prepare your
military machine for a contingency whilst talking peace. At least
now, when the LTTE has warned of "a period of calamity and
destruction," it is high time steps are taken to arrest a deteriorating
trend.
President
Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, Minister of Defence and Commander-in-Chief
owes it to the nation. Otherwise what she does may be be too little
and may be too late.
Pooneryn
hero new Army chief
Major General Shantha Kottegoda will assume office as the 17th Commander
of the Sri Lanka Army on July 1. He takes over from Lt. Gen. Lionel
Balagalle. He retires as Chief of Defence Staff and Army Commander
on June 30.
Maj.
Gen. Kottegoda who has an excellent track record as one of the best
infantrymen in the Army has led many an operation against Tiger
guerrillas. One of his main achievements was regaining control of
the Pooneryn area after it fell to the LTTE in 1993.
He
is presently the Chief of Staff and Overall Operations Commander
(East). The latter is a temporary assignment which he is due to
relinquish shortly.
Navy
Commander Vice Admiral Daya Sandagiri will be the new Chief of Defence
Staff (CDS). He is to function in addition to his role as Commander
of the Navy.
Vice
Admiral Sandagiri will be the first from the Sri Lanka Navy to hold
the post of Chief of Defence Staff. In that capacity he will be
at the helm of the Joint Operations Headquarters (JOH), the unified
arm of the security forces and police tasked to co-ordinate all
operational activity.
The
Sunday Times learns that decisions on the new appointments have
been made by President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga. She personally
interviewed the three top men in the Army hierarchy (other than
the Commander) before taking a decision.
Accordingly
the chain of command of the Army will be as follows: Major General
Chula Seneviratne, now Deputy Chief of Staff will be the new Chief
of Staff.
Major
General Sarath Fonseka, Commandant of the Volunteer Force will be
the new Deputy Chief of Staff. In last week's report, the designations
of these two senior officers were inadvertently mixed up. |