No
political will to fight corruption in post-tsunami reconstruction
By Iromi Perera
Transparency International Sri Lanka (TISL) made some key recommendations
for preventing corruption in post-tsunami relief and reconstruction
operations at a seminar on 'Rebuilding with accountability after
a disaster' on May 11 organized by TISL and the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of Sri Lanka (ICASL).
Some
of these recommendations were that all stakeholders involved in
tsunami assistance must ensure transparency and accountability in
their operations particularly in the management of the financial
flows, that donors should coordinate with the governments and among
themselves to avoid duplication of assistance schemes, and that
affected people and also civil society should be involved in decision
making.
They
also called for better information dissemination and the provision
of easily accessible corruption reporting channels combined with
effective mechanisms to encourage and protect whistle blowers.
As
the affected people's ownership of the relief and the reconstruction
process is essential, operations should build on their leadership,
participation and commitment to ensuring the best use of assistance.
Relief operations must therefore contribute to the strengthening
of local institutions, transfer of technical skills, and should
promote policies aimed at preventing corruption.
NGOs
play an important role in monitoring the relief and reconstruction
process and in reporting any suspicion of corruption to authorities.
They need to closely coordinate their activities with governments,
donors and among themselves, while ensuring the maximum involvement
of all groups of affected people in priority setting and decision
making.
TISL
said that for these ideas to resonate and apply in the Sri Lankan
context, certain enabling factors need to be promoted to make sustained
impacts on ground. TISL believes that a visible political will to
fight corruption in the post-tsunami reconstruction is conspicuous
by its absence in Sri Lanka.
In
strengthening of local institutions and networks to ensure community
ownership and participation in the relief and reconstruction activities
a point to emphasize is the need to identify and promote local expertise
as there is a clear danger of applying universal templates to culture
specific contexts and creating solutions which are impractical and
worse, exaggerate existing problems.
Empowering
citizens and affected communities through enacting new legal measures
such as Right to Information, Disclosure Laws and Whistleblower
Protection Acts to ensure effective public participation and collaboration
in rolling back corrupt practices are also some of the factors pointed
out.
According
to TISL, there is a growing danger that all capacity building measures
on accountability and transparency will be limited to the relief
and reconstruction projects (mostly due to donor compulsions) and
will leave the larger domain of public institutions untouched.
There
is a strong need to strengthen critical institutions like the office
of the Auditor General, independent commissions like the Bribery
Commission and Parliamentary Oversight Committees. If these wider
measures are not taken, there is a strong chance that particular
projects will exist as "islands of integrity" in "oceans
of corruption".
TISL
also says that the under-currents of conflict embedded into the
social and political fabrics need to be kept in perspective while
designing participatory structures for the implementation and monitoring
of relief and reconstruction works. The idea of broad based consortiums
should be promoted to make public participation more inclusive and
representative.
TISL
strongly believes that these ideas, concerns and suggestions should
reverberate within all institutional spaces in the governance arena.
The need of the hour is for a constructive inclusive debate and
a proactive posture to reflect and review current practices and
policies.
Ajith
Nivard Cabraal, Management Consultant and Past President of ICASL,
made a presentation on 'Creating enabling institutional mechanisms
in Sri Lanka - Challenges and Opportunities'.
Institutional
mechanism is a body to formulate an acceptable policy and to develop
a delivery system for a specified objective. An enabling institutional
mechanism should ideally cover assessing the extent of damage, assessing
the needs of beneficiaries and victims, raising the funds necessary
to meet the cost of relief and reconstruction, ensuring the participation
of "victims" in the rebuilding effort, create awareness
of the work being carried out, implementing projects while ensuring
quality control, people's participation and monitoring and instilling
and ensuring financial discipline, arranging disciplinary proceedings
and anti corruption measures, and regular reviewing of operations
and outputs.
Cabraal
said that the fundamental pre-requisite for any institutional mechanism
is the empowerment of the people. To ensure this, there should be
peoples' right to participation, transparency and monitoring by
people, right to information, right to be consulted and to exercise
informed choice and consent, right to monitor, evaluate and audit
all disaster response work.
The
recommendations made by Cabraal for creating institutional mechanism
are rebuilding with accountability, rebuilding quickly, rebuilding
with people's participation, revival of livelihoods and economy,
capacity building and training of those engaged in the relief and
reconstruction efforts, trade and enterprise resurgence, engaging
local communities, foreign donors and NGOs effectively and establishing
credible complaint and grievance channels. |