June 15, 2011 "Information Clearing House" - Defense contractor giants like Boeing, Lockeed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and others, as well as smaller rivals compete for growing demand for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). They include remote control operated killer drones, also called unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs).
It's America's newest sport. From distant command centers, far from target sights, sounds, and smells, operators dismissively ignore human carnage showing up as computer screen blips little different from video game images. The difference, of course, is people die, mostly noncombatants. More on that below.
On March 10, 2010, Der Spiegel writer Marc Pitzke headlined, "How Drone Pilots Wage War," saying:
They "sit in air-conditioned rooms far away from (America's wars). They guide their weapons with joysticks and monitors. The remote warriors work with a high degree of precision - at a fraction of the cost of a fighter jet," but just as deadly.
Operators use computer keyboards and five monitors. One says "I've got eight missiles and two bombs on two Predators. Weapons ready."
The main monitor shows a target's aerial view "from a considerable height....Three, two, one. Impact," after pushing a red button. "Excellent job," the man says after a destructive explosion. The entire mission lasted two minutes "against a faceless enemy" attacked by remote control half a world away.
"The whole thing looks like a computer game," virtual war "that doesn't require combatants to get their hands dirty" or perhaps souls compromised for mindlessly slaughtering civilians lawlessly - what America's media never explain or why Washington wages war.
Each drone system includes four aircraft, a ground station, a satellite link, and launch site maintenance crew, keeping UAVs ready to use round-the-clock on a moment's notice. Like America's wars, moreover, drone technology is a growth business, Insitu's Steven Sliwa saying the industry is well positioned like the aeronautical one during WW II - up-up-and-away for big profits.
America's Drone Command Centers
Two currently operate, the CIA's at its Langley, VA headquarters, the Pentagon's at Nevada's Creech Air Force Base, about 35 miles from Las Vegas.
Look-alikes, they're sterile, insular, secure computer rooms manned by "combat commuters." By day, they wage war, then drive home for dinner, relaxation, and family time, dismissive of killing for a living like mafia hit men, except they do it daily on a global scale against nameless, faceless targets.
Working in pairs, a pilot sits at one end of a computer station, a sensor operator at the other, controlling visual surveillance, able to zoom in for closer views, capturing images from drone cameras and satellites.
The Pentagon's team maintains constant radio contact with its Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC) Qatar headquarters and US Kandahar, Afghanistan base where UAVs take off and land.
ACLU National Security Project director Hina Shamsi calls Predator drones "targeted international killings by the state." On February 8, 2010, she and Law Professor Philip Alston's London Guardian article headlined, "A killer above the law?" saying:
Sanitized killing on the cheap leaves disturbing issues unanswered, including a programmemememememe shrouded in secrecy, no accountability, and dubious "no reports" of civilian casualties despite "credible (ones) that hundreds of innocents have died."
International law, in fact, demands accountability. "When complete secrecy prevails, it is negated. Secrecy also provides incentives to push the margins in problematic ways....Equally discomforting is the 'PlayStation mentality' that surrounds drone killings. Young military (recruits, CIA operatives, and private civilian contractor) personnel raised on a diet of video games now kill real people remotely using joysticks."
Lawless abuses always follow secrecy without accountability, killer drones a perfect example. On July 12, 2009, Greg Grant's Infowars.com article headlined, "Drones Hardly Even Kill Bad Guys," saying:
Counterinsurgency advisor David Kilcullen "told lawmakers last week that drone strikes" successfully hit militants 2% of the time. All others are noncombatant civilians. These casualties then "become an extension of war by other means. Tactics that physically defeat elements of the enemy and lose the population lose the war," besides issues of legality.
In his book "Wired for War," Peter Singer called drone technology disturbingly "seductive" because it makes combat look "costless."
Britain's former Iraq air chief marshal said it was "virtueless war," requiring no heroics or getting one's hands dirty.
Ramping Up Drone Warfare
According to Law Professor Mary Dudziak, "Drones are a technological step that further isolates the American people from military action, undermining political checks on....endless war," as well as its fallout, including the human cost, and America's illegal targeted assassination programme.
In FY 2012, the Air Force plans to double its advanced killer drone fleet, including the RQ-4 Global Hawk class, MQ-9 Reaper, and MQ-1 Predator.
General Atomics MQ-9 Reapers are especially valued, the first hunter-killer UAV designed for long endurance, high surveillance targeting, used by the Air Force, Navy, US Customs and Border Protection, UK Royal Air Force, and Italian Air Force. The CIA prefers smaller, lightweight, less obtrusive drones for killing.
The Pentagon just released its 30-year aircraft procurement plans, projected to be more robotic than ever, budgeted for about $25 billion annually, including doubling its robot fleet by 2021, saying:
"The number of platforms in this category - RQ-4 Global Hawk-class, MQ-9 Reaper, and MQ-1 Predator-class unnammed aircraft systems - will grow from approximately 340 in (FY) 2012 to approximately 650 in FY 2021."
The Army's got a Gray Eagle Reaper-like drone. The Marines want a similar one as part of their Group 4 Unmanned Air System programme. The Navy's so-called Unmanned Carrier-Launched Airborne Strike and Surveillance initiative aims to put jet-powered killer drones on carrier decks no later than 2018. Around the same time, the Air Force may start buying jet-powered ones to complement its prop-driven Reaper.
By decade's end, it hopes to have enough medium and large drones to maintain at least 65 round-the-clock "orbits" compared to now. Combined with other service branches, 100 or more permanently positioned killer drones may launch precision-guided bombs and missiles on targets virtually anywhere.
Moreover, improved sensors like the Air Force's Gorgon Stare and new foliage-penetrating radars will let new generations of drones do what multiple ones are needed for now.
Given the profit potential, US defense contractors are scrambling for part of a bigger pie, developing new killer drone models, including Boeing's X-45C, Northrop Grumman's X-47B and General Atomic's Avenger. Others will follow to satisfy the Pentagon's insatiable appetite for remote killing and destruction on a global scale.
If America's military had a motto, it would be war is good, the more the better. How else can generals get stars?
Remote Control High Altitude Killing
In March 2010, the ACLU (The American Civil Liberties Union) filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit: "demanding that the government disclose the legal basis for its use of unmanned drones to conduct targeted killings overseas. In particular, the lawsuit asks for information on when, where and against whom drone strikes can be authorized, the number and rate of civilian casualties and the other basis information essential for assessing the wisdom and legality of using armed drones to conduct targeted killings."
At issue is using them against civilians, including US citizens abroad after Obama authorized targeting any suspected of terrorist involvement, with or without proof.
The ACLU sued the Defence, State, and Justice Departments after each provided no requested information "nor have they given any reason for withholding documents. The CIA answered the ACLU's request by refusing to confirm or deny the existence of any relevant documents." CIA wasn't sued because the ACLU appealed its non-response to the Agency Release Panel.
UAVs were first used in Vietnam, mainly as reconnaissance platforms. In the 1980s, radar killer drones called Harpy air defense suppression systems were employed. In the Gulf War, unmanned combat air system (UCAS) and X-45 air vehicles were used.
Others were deployed in Bosnia in 1995 and against Serbia in 1999. America's new weapon of choice is now commonplace in Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, and domestically, including for law enforcement -- in fact, virtually anywhere for targeted attacks and/or surveillance globally.
At issue is their legality, given their use outside traditional battlefields for extrajudicial assassinations, a practice US and international laws prohibit. Yet reports confirm Obama's ramped up use with long-term grander schemes -- why the ACLU and other human rights groups express concern.
A December 2009 Social Science Research Network Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper titled, "Unlawful Killing with Combat Drones: A Case Study of Pakistan, 2004 -- 2009" said the following:
"First drones launch missiles or drop bombs, the kind of weapons that may only be used lawfully in an armed conflict. Until the spring of 2009, there was no armed conflict (in Pakistan). International law does not recognize the right to kill without warning outside an actual armed conflict. Killing without warning is only tolerated during the hostilities of an armed conflict, and, then, only lawful combatants may lawfully carry" them out.
CIA members "are not lawful combatants and their participation in killing persons -- even in an armed conflict -- is a crime." US military forces may be "lawful combatants in Pakistan" only if its government officially requested them. It did not.
Further, beyond targeted individuals, collateral killing is commonplace. "Drones have rarely, if ever, killed just the intended target. By October 2009, the ratio has been up to" 50 civilians for each militant. As a result, drone use violates "the war-fighting principles of distinction, necessity, proportionality and humanity."
Nonetheless, violations continue daily in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and now Libya, having escalated dramatically in recent years. Along with bombers and helicopter gunships, their use in Afghanistan (and North Waziristan, Pakistan) is so pervasive that anyone in the open or near targeted sites risks death - civilians, including vulnerable women and children for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
On March 13, 2010, Der Spiegel headlined, "Drones Are Lynchpin of Obama's War on Terror," calling them his weapon of choice. "But the political, military and moral consequences are incalculable."
One report said in the past two years the Air Force Research Laboratory embarked on a programme to "build the ultimate assassination robot (described as) a tiny, armed drone for the US special forces to employ in terminating 'high-value targets' " that most often are noncombatants.
On April 4, 2010, New York Times writers Jane Perlez and Pir Zubair Shah headlined, "Drones Batter Qaeda and Allies Within (North Waziristan) Pakistan," referring to a "stepped-up campaign....over the past three months (casting) a pall of fear over an area (by) fly(ing) overhead sometimes four at a time, emitting a beelike hum virtually 24 hours a day, observing and tracking targets, then unleashing missiles on their quarry...." The ferocity of strikes, in fact, got one Pakistani to say, "It seems they really want to kill everyone....," civilians, of course, most vulnerable. Almost daily, noncombatant casualties are reported, sparking public anger and protests, including over America's regional presence.
(http://www.progressiveradionetwork.com/the-progressive-news-hour/, http://sjlendman.blogspot.com) |
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