Mirror Magazine

 

Techno Page - By Harendra Alwis
The search for a still better computer
All of us who use computers are constantly looking out for newer, faster. The blazing fast computers of just a couple of years ago would have been more useful today if we could at least use them as ornaments, but they are little more than expensive paperweights now.

Will the Pentium 4s or 'Hammers' quench our thirst for faster computers? If history is anything to go by, they definitely would not. But what is it that transforms the technological marvels of today into antiques of tomorrow? If you think about it, it has nothing to do with the speed or the capabilities of the machines, but the hidden desire within us humans to have machines that act more like ourselves.

Today we make use of these cumbersome machines that sit on our desks to do a very limited number of jobs. Apart from typing in emails or documents and a few other functions such as graphics and sound manipulation work, PCs are hardly used for anything else around the household. Even so imagine how complex it is to use computers, even in this modern age of Graphical User Interfaces and multimedia!

Do you honestly believe that the computer revolution hasn't happened yet? Well, think about it. A computer that is just five metres away from you can hardly be of any use to you. Even when you are seated right in front of it with the keyboard and mouse in your hands there are only a very limited number of things you can do. Even then, you have to acquaint yourself with complex software and interfaces that are difficult to learn and sometimes next to impossible to use! Besides, do you know that the average user of Microsoft Word does not make use of more than 90% of its potential?

We still live in a world where a vast majority of people have not even seen a computer. Think of the day when we would look at the 'huge' tower casings that stand on our desks in just the same way we now look at ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), the world's first electronic digital computer that occupied a whole building.

We have reached lightning speeds when it comes to raw computing power. Today, a regular pocket calculator has hundreds of times more computing power than did the entire Apollo 11 spacecraft that put men on the moon and returned them safely to earth. The auto pilot of a 747 jumbo jet has no more computing power than an Intel 486, but the performance of our Pentium 4 leaves much to be desired when it comes to simple tasks like 3D image rendering!

Why? We use a computer to do work that is too boring to do ourselves. Obviously, painting with real 'paint' on a wall is more fun than drawing something with your mouse-pointer with MS Paint right? Computers are marginalized in our lives because of their limited capability. They are of little use when it comes to regular household tasks. Real household tasks like cleaning and cooking are 'beyond possibility' for a computer.

Imagine what it would be like to build software that would train your dog! You may say that these are just abstract thoughts, but if you are longing to be an IT professional "when you grow up", then these may be some of the problems that you will have to solve. Food for thought of course, so write to us and share your ideas if you managed to digest it.

Bioinformatics: The future
What is Bioinformatics???
Bioinformatics, the latest & hottest buzzword is the field of science in which biology, computer science and Information Technology merge into a single discipline. The Human Genome Project, for example, generated the Genetic Blueprint, a DNA sequence of 3 billion nitrogen bases.

Bioinformatics allows us to understand the functionality of every gene and use the information. For example, analyze for diseases such as cancers and design New Revolutionary Medicines. These medicines will cure the diseases at root cause unlike the presently available allopathic medicines. Bioinformatics incorporates expertise from the biological sciences, physical and chemical sciences, computer science, and mathematics. Within 10 years, all new drug designs are going to be Genomics-related.

Applications of Bioinformatics
Biologists have sequenced the genetic information from over 200 species of organisms from bacteria to humans. Analyzing this data and using our knowledge of the biochemistry provides many exciting opportunities for biology and medicine. Among the potential benefits of Bioinformatics are:
* New pharmaceuticals
* Improved crops
* New anti-microbials
* New treatments for human disease e.g. cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases
* Improved veterinary care

Job/Career Outlook
Here is a $300 billion pharmaceutical industry, and a very fast-growing biotech industry to support it. The pharmaceutical industry spends $30-40 billion a year in research & development: huge efforts, lacks software tools.

A recent study estimates thousands of workers will be needed in this field by 2005. Employment will be in various industries particularly in pharmaceutical, agriculture and human health fields. Numerous job opportunities in both the direct application of Bioinformatics and the required supporting service industries are available.

Prospective employers include pharmaceutical companies, R&D organizations, academic institutions, government organizations, software companies & product marketing companies. There are great opportunities to work as scientists, researchers, software developers, database developers, consultants, trainers and academics.

Some of the biggest drug firms are hunting for Bioinformatics experts while smaller firms have difficulties in getting the staff they want. It is true of the renowned IT companies. Current salaries in USA for advanced degree & certificate holders in this field range from US$75,000 - US$150,000 per year.

The required skills
To be successful in the field of bioinformatics you will need several interests. Among these interests and skills are:
* Good knowledge in mathematics, which gives strong problem solving ability.
* An ability and interest to use computers for data analysis and develop new computational tools. Knowledge in C, C++, Java, Perl, Oracle/SQL Server, XML, Unix/Linux, etc.
* A fundamental curiosity about the molecular means that make biological organisms function.
* Quantitative skills in biology, chemistry, and/or physics.
- M J Manikandan

What is protocol?
Protocol - Is a predefined set of rules for transmitting data between two devices.
The protocol defines how the following tasks are done:

* The type of error checking to be used
* Data compression method (if any)
* How the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message
* How the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message

* There are a variety of standard protocols in use today. Each has inherent advantages and disadvantages; for example, some are simpler than others, some are more reliable, and others are faster. From a user's point of view, the only important aspect about protocols is that your computer or device must support the right ones if you want to communicate with other computers. A protocol can be implemented either in hardware or in software.


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